الأحد، 16 ديسمبر 2018

How to Use This TOEFL Vocabulary List

The 327 TOEFL Words You Need to Know

Below are the 327 best TOEFL vocabulary words, in alphabetical order.
Word Definition Sample Sentence
Abundant Present in large quantities. Living close to a lake means we have an abundant supply of water.
Accumulate To gradually collect. Each fall, leaves accumulate in our driveway.
Accurate Correct; free from errors. Make sure your address is accurate before submitting your online order.
Accustomed Used to something. Having 8AM classes means I’m accustomed to getting up early.
Acquire To come into possession of. When my grandmother died, I acquired her cookbook collection.
Adamant Refusing to change an opinion. The defendant was adamant that he was innocent.
Adequate Enough to suit your needs. Our house isn’t big, but it’s adequate for the two of us.
Adjacent Close to or next to. The park is adjacent to the school.
Adjust To change something so it serves its purpose better. The bike seat may be too high; you’ll probably need to adjust it.
Advantage Something that makes it easier to achieve success. His height gives him an advantage in basketball.
Advocate To publicly support. My aunt is a major advocate for women’s’ rights.
Adverse Unfavorable; against one’s desires. I had an adverse reaction to my medication and had to stop taking it.
Aggregate To combine. We should aggregate our resources to share them more easily.
Aggressive Assertive and pushy. The salesperson was very aggressive when trying to get us to buy the television.
Allocate To put aside for a specific purpose. The village needs to allocate funds for building the new school.
Alternative Another option or choice. If the ATM is broken, an alternative solution is to stop by the bank.
Amateur Someone who is inexperienced or not highly skilled in a particular area. He’s an amateur soccer player and is still learning the rules of the game.
Ambiguous Having several potential meanings; unclear and difficult to understand. When I asked the HR manager what my chances were of getting the job, she gave me a very ambiguous reply.
Ambitious Having large goals. My son is very ambitious and hopes to be a millionaire by the time he’s thirty.
Amend To change for the better; to improve. I believe we should amend our country’s tax laws.
Ample Plentiful. Our new apartment has ample space for the two of us.
Anomaly Deviation from the norm. The basketball player is the team’s best free thrower, so his missing both shots was an anomaly.
Annual Occurring yearly. The annual company barbeque takes place every August.
Antagonize To tease or be hostile towards a person or group. The boy loves to antagonize his little sister by pulling her hair.
Attitude Manner or feeling. After she got grounded, the teenager had a bad attitude for the rest of the day.
Attribute To give credit. Be sure to attribute credit to your sources when writing a research paper.
Arbitrary Based on a whim or random decision. Flipping a coin is an arbitrary way to make a decision.
Arduous Requiring a lot of effort. After you cross the bridge, there’s an arduous walk up the hill.
Assuage To lessen a negative feeling. The mother assuaged her child’s fear of the dark.
Assume To suppose without solid proof. I assumed he was rich because he worked as a lawyer.
Augment To increase or make larger. She augments her regular salary by babysitting on the weekends.
Benefit Something positive or advantageous. A benefit of doing homework on Friday is that your weekend will be free.
Berate To scold. Our neighbor berated us after we broke his window playing baseball.
Bestow To give as a gift. The medal was bestowed upon him by the president.
Boast To brag or talk with excessive pride. He always boasts of his talents after he wins a game.
Boost To help raise or increase something. I gave him a pep talk to boost his self-esteem before his speech.
Brash Rude and tactless. The brash man always asked inappropriate questions.
Brief Short (in terms of time). It will only have a brief meeting, so you’ll still have plenty of time for lunch.
Brusque Abrupt to the point of rudeness. After being away for so long, I expected more than her brusque greeting.
Cacophony A harsh, unpleasant mixture of noise. The cuckoo clock shop lets off a cacophony every hour.
Cease To stop. I wish they would cease arguing.
Censure To express strong disapproval. Every parent in our district censured the education cuts.
Chronological Arranged in order of time or date. Put the historical events in chronological order to make them easier to study.
Clarify To make clear; to remove confusion. I didn’t understand the instructions, so I asked the teacher to clarify them.
Coalesce To combine or grow together. The people on the street eventually coalesced into a group.
Coerce To force someone to do something against their will. The young boy was coerced into stealing by his friends.
Cognizant Being aware or having knowledge of something. Before mountain climbing, you need to be cognizant of the risks.
Cohesion Uniting; becoming one. Water molecules show strong cohesion when they stick together.
Coincide To occur at the same time. This year Thanksgiving coincided with my birthday.
Collapse To fall down or break down. The old building finally collapsed, leaving nothing but a pile of rubble.
Collide To hit one another with a forceful impact. The two cars collided on the freeway.
Commitment Dedication to a cause or activity. Joining a school play is a big commitment. You’ll need to practice every evening.
Community A group of people who live or work together. The Chinese community in my city is hosting a New Year celebration next week.
Conceal To hide. The mountains concealed the ocean from view.
Concur To agree. He believes women should be paid as much as men, and I concur.
Conflict A disagreement or fight. The conflict between the two families has been going on for generations.
Constrain To restrict or repress. You should move your plant to a bigger pot, otherwise you’ll constrain its roots.
Contemplate To consider thoughtfully. I spend a lot of time contemplating what career I want to have.
Continuously To go on without stopping. My neighbors have been continuously blasting their music since last night.
Contradict To give the opposite opinion. I told the employees that sales were down, but my boss contradicted me and said sales were actually up.
Contribute To give something (usually money or time) to a common fund or cause. Every roommate contributes part of his paycheck to the grocery bill.
Convey To make known. I’ve conveyed my interest in working for that company.
Copious Abundant. He always takes copious notes during class to study later on.
Core Central; of main importance. Although many employees left the company, the core leadership remained.
Corrode To gradually wear away. The rust corroded the paint on my car.
Cumbersome Burdensome; clumsy Trying to carry four grocery bags at once was very cumbersome.
Curriculum The courses given by a school or program. Our school needs to add more music courses to its curriculum.
Data Facts, statistics, or pieces of information. The data from these graphs show that yearly temperatures are increasing.
Decay To decline in health or excellence. After the tree died, its wood began to decay.
Deceive To trick or mislead. He deceived me by pretending to be a millionaire.
Decipher To find the meaning of. The spy deciphered the secret code.
Declaration An announcement. He made a declaration to the office that he was quitting.
Decline  1. To politely refuse.
By the way: we have built the world's best online TOEFL course. Get online practice (TPO-sytle!) and individual grading and feedback on Speaking and Writing.
To be fair, it's possible to get a good TOEFL score studying alone. But PrepScholar is the world's most effective TOEFL course if you are worried about the TOEFL and are struggling to improve your score.
Learn how you can improve your TOEFL score by 15 points today.
2. To deteriorate (especially in terms of health.)
 1.  I declined his offer of a ride home. 2. Her health has declined ever since she turned 70.
Degrade To lower in quality. My attempt at cake degraded into a crumbly mess.
Demonstrate To show. Let me demonstrate the proper way of throwing a football.
Deny To state that something isn’t true. He denied being the robber.
Deplete To significantly decrease. Your shopping sprees have depleted my savings.
Deposit To deliver and leave an item. Please deposit your books in the bin outside the library.
Desirable Worth having or wanting. Bravery is a desirable trait for firefighters to have.
Despise To hate. I despise early morning classes.
Detect To locate something. The police dog detected the missing child’s scent.
Deter To discourage. The warning signs on the house deterred trespassers.
Deviate To differ from the norm. I decided to deviate from my normal route home and took a shortcut.
Devise To plan or create. The coach devised a plan for winning the game.
Diatribe A sharp criticism or attack. The politician went into a diatribe against her opponent.
Digress To wander from the main subject. The teacher digressed from the lecture to discuss the weather.
Dilemma A situation where one must choose between two difficult choices. The student faced the dilemma of attending school sick or missing her exam.
Diminish To shrink or reduce. Sprinkle baking soda on the carpet to diminish the stain.
Dispose To get rid of. I need to dispose of this trash.
Disproportionate Too large or small when compared to something else. The piece of pie I received was disproportionately small.
Disrupt To interrupt by causing a disturbance. The protesters disrupted the politician’s speech.
Distort To misrepresent. The camera filter distorted the image.
Distribute To give portions of something. Distribute the materials evenly among the class.
Diverse Showing a lot of variety. This city has a very diverse population.
Divert To cause a change of course. Because of the accident, the police had to divert traffic down a side street.
Dynamic Constantly changing. The theater has dynamic shows, so you never know what you’ll see.
Ease To reduce unpleasantness or difficulty. This prescription will ease your allergies.
Efficient Maximizing productivity. Now that I’m following a schedule at work, I’m much more efficient.
Eliminate To remove. Our team lost the match and was eliminated from the competition.
Elite A select, above-average group. The elite detective team were also sent for when there were big crimes.
Eloquent Moving speech or writing. Her eloquent writing has gained her many fans.
Emphasize To give special importance to when speaking or writing. The teacher emphasized the due date of the project.
Endure To suffer through something difficult with patience. He has endured four knee operations so far.
Enhance To intensify or magnify. The falling snow enhanced the beauty of the small village.
Epitome A perfect example of something. The duchess is the epitome of class.
Equivalent Equal. Twenty-four is equivalent to two dozen.
Erroneous Incorrect. He apologized for his erroneous statement.
Estimate An approximate value. Try to get an estimate of the number of people attending the concert.
Evade To avoid or escape. By hiding in the bathroom, we were able to evade the intruder.
Evaluate To assess. At the end of the class, every student will evaluate how well the professor taught.
Evidence Facts or information that help prove or disprove something. These fossils are evidence of evolution.
Evolve To gradually change. The small school evolved into a world-class institution.
Exemplary Worthy of imitation. She is an exemplary student, and you should copy her study habits.
Exclude To leave out. The young boy was excluded from his friends’ soccer game.
Exclusive Not admitting the majority. We may not be able to get in since that club is very exclusive.
Expand To increase in size. Adding air to bike tires will cause them to expand.
Expertise Expert knowledge or skill in a particular field. The surgeon’s expertise is knee surgeries.
Exploit To use selfishly. The company exploited its workers by making them work long hours.
Expose To reveal or unmask. The emails presented exposed the company’s corruption.
Extension An act of making something longer. If you’re sick on the day the paper is due, the teacher may give you an extension on the due date.
Extract To get or remove something. The dentist extracted one of my teeth.
Famine A time when there is an extreme lack of food. Millions of children in  Ethiopia died due to the famine there.
Feasible Possible to do. This study plan you made for me sounds feasible, even with my work schedule.
Finite Having an end or limits. Remember that life is finite; you’re not immortal.
Flaw A feature that ruins the perfection of something. I got the diamond for a reduced price since the stone had a flaw.
Fluctuate To change continually. I’m not sure what to wear since the temperature has been fluctuating so much.
Focus The central point or idea. The program is going to focus on environmental issues.
Fortify To strengthen. The king decided to fortify the castle walls to protect them during attacks.
Framework A skeletal structure designed to support something. Skyscrapers must have a strong framework to support all the floors.
Frivolous Unnecessary; of little importance You must stop spending your money on frivolous purchases.
Function A purpose natural to a person or thing. The function of petals is to attract insects to the plant.
Fundamental Of primary importance. Learning scales is fundamental to being a good piano player.
Gap A space in between to objects. Be careful to avoid the gap between the two steps.
Garbled Communication that is distorted and unclear. Our answering machine is so bad that people’s voices are always garbled.
Generate To produce. The fire generates heat, which keeps the room warm.
Grandiose Pompous; overly important. The actress had only one small part before she got grandiose ideas of her fame.
Hackneyed Overused and unoriginal. HIs poems contain many hackneyed phrases.
Haphazard Lacking planning. There was no schedule, so the event was very haphazard.
Harsh Not gentle; unpleasant. Her comments on my performance were very harsh and not kind at all.
Hasty In a hurry. In order to avoid the police, the robbers made a hasty retreat.
Hazardous Full of risk. The nuclear reactor has a lot of hazardous waste.
Hesitate To pause, often due to reluctance. She hesitated before entering the abandoned building.
Hierarchy A ranking system. In the office hierarchy, the manager is higher than the associate.
Hindrance Something that causes delay or resistance. Her hatred of public transportation is a hindrance when trying to get around New York City.
Hollow Empty inside. The dead tree is hollow.
Horror An intense feeling of fear. The haunted house filled me with horror.
Hostile Extremely unfriendly. My ex-boyfriend’s new girlfriend was very hostile towards me.
Hypothesis An unproven idea that attempts to explain something. You’ll need to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis.
Identical Exactly the same. The twins were completely identical.
Illiterate Unable to read. Because he’d never been able to attend school, the man was illiterate.
Illustrate To explain by using an example. The professor illustrated the lesson with a personal story.
Impact Effect or influence. His moving words had a large impact on me.
Impair To worsen. Drinking alcohol will impair your driving abilities.
Implement To carry out. We will implement the new schedule starting next semester.
Imply To strongly suggest. My mother implied that I was the one who forgot to take out the trash.
Impose To force upon. After the riots, the mayor imposed a curfew on the town.
Impoverish To reduce to poverty. These medical bills are going to impoverish me.
Incentive A reason to do something. I hate my job, but the big paychecks are a good incentive to stick with it.
Incessant Continuing without pause. I can’t sleep because of the dog’s incessant barking.
Incidental A minor part. Don’t worry about your grade on this quiz; it’s only an incidental part of your grade.
Incite To urge on. The ringleader incited the soldiers to rebellion.
Inclination A preference. My inclination is to go to bed early.
Incompetent Incapable; lacking ability. The incompetent worker was fired from his job.
Inconsistent Changing randomly. His pitching has been very inconsistent all season.
Indefatigable Untiring. She is an indefatigable hiker and can walk all day.
Indisputable Not able to be challenged. She’s the indisputable star of the basketball team.
Ineffective Not producing any major impact. The drug was shown to be ineffective at curing cancer.
Inevitable Unable to be avoided. Even if you’re healthy, death is inevitable in the end.
Infer To guess based on evidence. I inferred that she was annoyed based on her body language.
Inflate To increase in size. Getting a promotion has really inflated his ego.
Influence The ability to have an impact of something. The older sister has been a positive influence on her younger siblings.
Inhibit To hinder or restrain. This cleaning spray inhibits the growth of bacteria.
Initial The first. She was the initial president of the company.
Inquiry An investigation to determine the truth. Congress launched an inquiry after the senator was accused of taking bribes.
Integral Necessary to complete the whole. You can’t quit. You’re an integral part of this team.
Integrate To combine. When making a cake, you need to fully integrate the wet and dry ingredients.
Interpret To explain the meaning of something. I need you to interpret this German speech for me.
Intervene To come between people, objects, or an event and change what is happening. When the toddlers couldn’t share their toys, their mothers had to intervene.
Intrepid Fearless. The intrepid mountain climber reached the top of Mt. Everest.
Intricate Highly detailed. The pattern on this blanket is so intricate.
Invasive Intrusive. We found the stranger’s questions too personal and very invasive.
Investigate To examine or study. The police are going to investigate the crime scene.
Irascible Easy to anger. Even though my grandfather seems irascible, he’s actually very loving.
Irony The use of words to give a meaning opposite to their literal meaning. “I love spending my Friday nights doing homework,” she said with irony.
Irresolute Uncertain. Not sure which direction to go in, he stood irresolute.
Jargon Words specific to a certain job or group. To be a successful doctor, you’ll need to learn a lot of medical jargon.
Jointly Together. The newlyweds jointly opened up a bank account.
Knack A special talent or skill. My brother has a real knack for solving tricky math problems.
Labor Work or effort. Building a house requires a lot of labor.
Lag To fall behind. I stayed with the front group of runners for the first few miles, but after that I began to lag.
Lampoon To mock or ridicule. The cartoonist lampooned the president’s speech.
Languish To become weak; to be neglected. During winter break, my plants languished since I was visiting my parents and couldn’t water them.
Lecture A talk given to an audience. The professor will give a 30 minute lecture before the quiz.
Leery Wary. I’m leery of taking the dark-looking shortcut.
Legitimate Lawful. The way he became mayor is completely legitimate.
Lenient Merciful; less harsh. The judge gave the criminal a lenient sentence due to his bad childhood.
Likely Probable. I don’t have much homework, so it’s likely I’ll be able to go out tonight.
Ludicrous Ridiculous. His claims about me are absolutely ludicrous.
Maintain To continue at the same level. She has maintained the same weight since high school.
Major Very important. This test is a major part of your final grade.
Manipulate To influence, especially in an unfair way. He tried to manipulate the results of the election.
Maximize To increase to the greatest possible size. The store’s goal this year is to maximize its profit.
Measure To find the size and dimensions of something. By measuring the tree, I found it was seven feet tall.
Mediocre Ordinary, average. The meal the chef made was only mediocre.
Mend To fix. My mother will mend the hole in my shirt.
Method A way of doing something. Her method for making bread takes three days.
Migrate To move from one place to another. Every fall, the geese migrate to Florida.
Minimum The smallest or lowest amount possible. You need to get a minimum of 70% on the test to pass the class.
Misleading Giving the wrong idea. The advertisement for the weight loss pills is very misleading since studies have shown they’re ineffective.
Modify To change. I need to modify my style so it looks more professional.
Morose Gloomy, depressed. The boy was morose after hearing he didn’t make the football team.
Negligent Lazy, neglectful. The negligent babysitter invited her friends over while the children were upstairs.
Nonchalant Indifferent, unexcited. I was hurt when my friend greeted me so nonchalantly.
Obey To follow orders or instructions. My dog always obeys me when I ask her to sit.
Obtain To get. The spy obtained the secret codes we need.
Obvious Easily understood. The large poster of Michael Jackson over her bed made it obvious who her favorite singer was.
Opponent Someone on the opposite side for a game or contest. The soccer player blocked her opponent’s shot at the goal.
Oppress To unfairly burden. For the past ten generations the royal family has oppressed the peasants by keeping them in poverty.
Origin The source; where something began. The explorers are trying to find the origin of the Nile.
Paradigm A typical example of something. This work of art is a paradigm of the period; you’ll see many examples of it in the museum.
Parsimonious Frugal, stingy. The parsimonious woman only donated a dollar to charity.
Partake To join in. My leg was feeling much better, so I decided to partake in the soccer match.
Partial Preferring one option over others. We can get strawberry ice cream, but I’m actually more partial to chocolate.
Paucity Something existing in very small amounts; scarcity. During the drought, the town had a paucity of fresh water.
Peak The highest or most important point. Winning the championship was the peak of his career.
Peripheral Located on the side or edge. There are some peripheral fights going on at the outdoor concert.
Permeate To penetrate or pass through. Let the maple syrup permeate your waffles before eating them.
Persist To continue, especially when facing opposition. I may have lost my last six games, but I will continue to persist trying to win.
Pertain Relate. How does your question pertain to the lecture?
Phase A period or stage in a process. In high school, I went through a phase where I only wore black clothes.
Poll A record of opinions or votes. The polls show that my candidate is going to win the election.
Potent Powerful. Only take one sleeping pill since they’re very potent.
Pragmatic Practical, sensible. Your boyfriend is too dramatic. I think you need a more pragmatic man.
Praise To give approval or admiration. The book is the best I’ve ever read; I can’t praise it enough.
Precede To come before. The flower girls preceded the bride when they walked down the aisle.
Precise Exact. When collecting data, it’s important that your measurements are very precise.
Prestigious Having a high reputation. Harvard is one of the most prestigious colleges in the United States.
Prevalent Widespread. If more people don’t start washing their hands, disease will become more prevalent.
Primary First; most important. Maeve’s primary goal in life is to become a doctor.
Prior Previous or earlier. Prior to becoming a teacher, Elena worked as a book editor.
Proceed To continue doing something. I’m sorry for interrupting; please proceed with your speech.
Progeny Offspring. The dog’s progeny all have yellow fur.
Promote To further to progress of something. I’m promoting this new indie movie so that more people will buy tickets to it.
Prosper To do well. Dave hopes his new business will prosper and make him a millionaire.
Proximity Nearness in time or space. The twins hated to be apart, so they bought houses in close proximity to each other.
Quarrel Disagreement or fight; to have an argument. Nina and her boyfriend always quarrel over money.
Range The distance between two things, often the maximum and the minimum. The range of ages at the concert spanned from 12 to 65.
Rank An official position or station. Archibald was promoted to the rank of first captain.
Rebuke To sternly disapprove or reprimand. After staying out too late, Grace received a rebuke from her parents.
Recapitulate To give a brief summary. At the end of his speech, the politician made sure to recapitulate his main points.
Recede To retreat. Two days after the flood, the seawater finally began to recede from our house.
Recommend To present someone with confidence and approval. I need to ask Mr. Smith if he’ll recommend me for this leadership position.
Reform To make changes that improve something. Melanie’s father is in charge of reforming to school system.
Regulate To supervise or control a process so that it functions correctly. Ben needs to regulate how much he eats in order to stay at a healthy weight.
Reinforce To strengthen with added support. The builders reinforced the house’s wooden frame with steel beams.
Reject To say no to something that is offered. Lydia rejected my invitation to the homecoming dance.
Release To free; to allow to be known. The CEO decided to release the company’s profits from last year.
Rely To depend on. I rely on coffee to get my through my mornings.
Reproach To express disapproval or disappointment. The coach reproached the players for failing to play their best.
Require To need for a specific purpose. The camping trip requires that every participant bring their own food and sleeping bag.
Resent To feel bitterness or anger towards someone or something. I’ve always resented my sister because she is my mother’s favorite child.
Resign To give up an office or position. Due to his declining health, the mayor decided to resign from office.
Resist To withstand the effect of. Resist the impulse to have ice cream for breakfast.
Resolve To come to a firm decision. Matt resolved to get better grades next semester by studying every night.
Restrict To confine or keep within limits. My doctor told me to restrict myself to one glass of wine a day.
Retain To continue to do something or keep something. I’ve decided to retain my normal hairstyle.
Retract  1. To draw back in. 2. To withdraw something after it’s found to be untrue.  1. I felt calmer after the lion retracted its claws.  2. After numerous errors were found, the newspaper retracted the story.
Retrieve To bring back. Alexis got out of the car to retrieve the ball her little brother had thrown.
Rhetorical Used just for style or impact. You aren’t expected to actually answer rhetorical questions.
Rigid Stiff; unyielding. The boys’ father was happy to see the base of the treehouse was rigid and sturdy.
Rotate To turn. Rotate the sculpture so I can see the other side.
Safeguard Something that serves as protection or ensures safety. A retirement fund is one way to safeguard your finances for the future.
Scrutinize To very carefully examine. The judges were looking for perfection, so they scrutinized every entry.
Section A part of the whole. This section of the stadium dressed completely in red.
Select To choose. Jane selected a blue dress to wear to the wedding.
Sequence Things that follow each other in a certain order. Librarians need to know how order books in the correct sequence.
Severe  1. Harsh or strict. 2. Grave, critical.  1. The robbers suffered severe consequences for stealing. 2. My uncle is currently battling a severe illness in the hospital.
Shallow Not deep. You don’t need to worry about getting your dress wet. The water is very shallow here.
Shelter To protect from something harmful. The empty barn gave the men shelter during the storm.
Shrink To become smaller. Hopefully this cream will cause my scar to shrink.
Significant Important, noteworthy. The Gettysburg Address was a significant event during the Civil War.
Source A person, place, or thing where something was obtained. You shouldn’t use Wikipedia as a source when writing school papers.
Sparse Thinly scattered. The farm was almost empty; there were just a few sparse trees here and there.
Specify To clearly indicate which one. You need to specify which size shirt you want before I can order it.
Speculate To form a theory without strong evidence. My sister loves to speculate on the private lives of celebrities.
Solitary Alone; without others. The hermit lives a solitary existence deep in the mountains.
Somber Gloomy; depressing. After losing the competition, the chess players were very somber.
Soothe To calm or comfort. The mother sang a lullaby to soothe her crying baby.
Squalid Filthy and unpleasant. The shelter was squalid and overcrowded.
Stable Unlikely to change or fail. We’re lucky to live in a country with such a stable government.
Stagnant Sluggish, showing little movement. With few new jobs created, the economy has remained stagnant for the past five years.
Strategy A plan to reach a desired outcome. The football team will need a good strategy to win the game tomorrow.
Subsequent Coming after something in time. The first king was a good ruler, but subsequent kings have all been corrupt.
Substitute A person or thing acting in place of another. If you don’t have sugar, honey makes a good substitute for this recipe.
Subtle Difficult to notice right away. Maya’s perfume was very subtle; you had to get close to her to smell it.
Sufficient Enough to serve a particular purpose. Make sure you have sufficient food for the camping trip.
Summarize To briefly give the main points. The class didn’t have time to read the book, so the professor summarized it for them.
Supervise To oversee work or a process. My dad didn’t think we were old enough to build the fort on our own, so he supervised us.
Supplant To take the place of something else. The king was supplanted by his treacherous younger brother who locked him in the dungeon.
Suspend  1. To temporarily stop. 2. To hang something from somewhere.  1. The power outage suspended the school concert. 2. The lamp is suspended from the high ceiling.
Suspicious Having the belief that someone is doing something dishonest or illegal. The couple became suspicious when they saw strange men removing their neighbor’s expensive electronics during the night.
Sustain To keep going. I stopped trying to sustain the friendship after he made fun of how I looked.
Symbolic Serving as a symbol. A cross is symbolic of Christianity.
Technical Relating to a specific subject or craft. The laptop manual is full of technical terms only a computer expert can understand.
Terminal Situated at the end. Everyone on the train must get off at the terminal stop.
Tolerate To put up with. I tolerate the rude man since he is my husband’s best friend.
Transfer To move from one place to another. Ben’s work is going to transfer him from Chicago to Detroit.
Transition Changing from one state or condition to another. The transition from student to employee can often take awhile to get used to.
Transparent  1. See-through material. 2. Easy to detect.  1. The glass vase is completely transparent. 2. Her attempt to flatter the movie star was very transparent.
Tuition The fee for instruction at a school. College tuition prices have gone up in recent decades.
Unobtrusive Not attracting attention. The prince’s bodyguards had mastered the art of being unobtrusive.
Unscathed Unharmed. Ian was lucky to walk away from the car crash unscathed.
Upbeat Happy; optimistic. Even when she’s having a bad day, my mom always has an upbeat attitude.
Unjust Unfair. Since I tried my hardest on the exam, I felt my teacher’s criticism of me was unjust.
Vacillate To waver or be indecisive. She vacillated between the two dresses before finally deciding to wear a skirt.
Valid Just; well-founded. The soldiers had valid concerns about the battles they’d be facing.
Vanish To disappear quickly. The plane vanished behind the clouds.
Vary To be different from something else in a group.
Verdict A judgement or decision. The jury delivered a guilty verdict.
Vestige A small trace of something that is disappearing or has already disappeared. The empty castle still had a few vestiges of its former wealth.
Vial A small container used to hold liquids. The chemist carefully filled the vial with the bubbling solution.
Vilify To speak poorly of; to slander. Mark was vilified by his angry ex-girlfriend.
Voluminous Taking up a lot of space. The puffy wedding dress had voluminous sleeves.
Whereas On the contrary. I always save my money whereas my brother is constantly in debt.
Wholly Completely. The monk is wholly devoted to his faith.
Widespread Occurring over a large region. There is widespread poverty across that country.
Wilt To droop and become limp. Plants will wilt if you don’t water them regularly.

السبت، 1 ديسمبر 2018

either – or and neither – nor

How to use NEITHER

Not either and neither both mean NOT one thing, and NOT the other thing:
I don’t speak either French or Spanish.
= I speak neither French nor Spanish.
I don’t speak either of those languages.
= I speak neither of those languages.
As you can see in the example sentences, we use
  • not – either – or and neither – nor when naming the two items specifically
  • not – either of and neither of when saying the two items together as a group.
Here are more examples:
Neither my mother nor my father like to travel.
Neither of my parents like to travel.
Neither the first book nor the second book was very good.
= Neither of the books was very good.
= Neither book was very good.
When the two things are of the same type – as in two books – we can say neither of the books or neither book.
When someone offers you a choice between two things, and you dislike both or you don’t want the first thing or the second thing, you can respond with “Neither” or “Neither one.”
“Do you want a sandwich or a piece of pizza?”
Neither. I’m actually not hungry at all.”
“Which of these two candidates do you think is better for the job?”
“Neither one. We need somebody more experienced.”

NOT EITHER and NEITHER for “also not”

When somebody makes a negative statement (a statement with the word “not” in it), you can use not either neither to say “also not.”
The structure of the reply is a little different, depending on which one you use:
“I can’t swim.”
“I can’t either.” = “Neither can I.” = “Me neither” (informal)
“Kate didn’t come to class today.”
“Bob didn’t either.” = “Neither did Bob.”
“We haven’t booked our tickets yet.”
“We haven’t either.” = “Neither have we.”

الثلاثاء، 13 نوفمبر 2018

طريقة استخدام جل للعيون How to Use Eye Ointments and Gels Properly

How to Use Eye Ointments and Gels Properly

(Using a mirror or having someone else give you the eyedrops may make this procedure easier.)
1Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
2 Avoid touching the tip of the tube against your eye or anything else - the medication and its container must be kept clean.
3 Holding the tube between your thumb and forefinger, place it as near to your eyelid as possible without touching it.
4 Brace the remaining fingers of that hand against your face.
5 Tilt your head forward slightly.
6 While tilting your head back, pull down the lower lid of your eye with your index finger to form a pocket. While tilting your head back, pull down the lower lid of your eye with your index finger to form a pocket.
7 Squeeze ribbon of ointment or gel into the pocket made by the lower eyelid. Remove your index finger from the lower eyelid.
Squeeze ribbon of ointment or gel into the pocket made by the lower eyelid. Remove your index finger from the lower eyelid.
8 Blink your eye gently; then close your eye for 1 to 2 minutes.
Blink your eye gently; then close your eye for 1 to 2 minutes.
9With a tissue, wipe any excess ointment or gel from the eyelids and lashes. With another clean tissue, wipe the tip of the tube clean.
10    Replace and tighten the cap right away.
11    Wash your hands to remove any medication. Wash your hands to remove any medication.

Print the Flyer

Remember

  • Follow directions carefully
  • Do not miss doses
  • Your eyesight may be cloudy after using the ointment or gel
  • Store medications out of reach of children

الاثنين، 12 نوفمبر 2018

Dependent Clauses: Adverbial, Adjectival

Dependent Clauses: Adverbial, Adjectival,

Dependent clauses may work like adverbs, adjectives, or nouns in complex sentences.

1. Adverbial clauses

Like a single-word adverb, an adverbial clause describes a verb (in the sentence's main clause) and answers one of these questions

                           where?           why?           how?           when?            to what degree?

An adverbial clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, which makes the clause subordinate (dependent).
Common subordinating conjunctions:
after
in order (that)
unless
although
insofar as
until
as
in that
when
as far as
lest
whenever
as soon as
no matter how
where
as if
now that
wherever
as though
once
whether
because
provided (that)
while
before
since
why
even if
so that
even though
supposing (that)

how
than
if
that
inasmuch as
though
in case (that)
till

  Example of adverbial clause answering when?
       
      When will the flowers bloom?   Answer:  when spring arrives

   Example of adverbial clause answering why?
       
        Why didn't the poor woman have money?  Answer:  because she had lost her job

   Example of adverbial clause answering where?
       
       Where is there fire?   Answer:  where there is smoke

   Example of adverbial clause answering how?
       
        How did he answer the question?  Answer:  as if he knew the subject quite well

       Example of adverbial clause answering to what degree?
       
        To what degree of lateness will Jones arrive?  Answer:  (later) than Smith (will arrive)

    Another example of an adverbial clause answering to what degree?
       
       To what degree is he young?  Answer: (younger) than his brother (is)

Comma use with adverbial clauses

Comma use with adverbial clauses depends upon placement of the adverbial clause.
If the adverbial clause introduces the sentence, place a comma between it and the main clause.
       

If the adverbial clause follows the main clause in a sentence, do not place a comma between the two.
       

2.  Adjectival clauses

Like a single-word adjective, an adjectival clause describes a noun (in the sentence's main clause) and answers one of these questions

                                     which one?                   what kind?      

An adjectival clause usually begins with a relative pronoun, which makes the clause subordinate (dependent).
Common relative pronouns:
                  that         which         who        whom        whose
NOTE:  Use who, whom, and whose to describe people.
               Use that and which to describe things.
Adjectival clauses always follow the person, place, or thing they describe, usually immediately.

   Example of adjectival clause answering which one?
       
        Which book did Joe read?  Answer:  the one that I gave him

   Example of adjectival clause answering what kind?
       
        What kind of politician has the support of the people?  Answer:  one who is trustworthy

Adjectival clauses may also begin with selected subordinating conjunctions:
                when  - to describe a time
       

                where  - to describe a place     
       

               why - to describe a reason
       


Comma use with adjectival clauses

Comma use with adjectival clauses depends upon essentiality of the adjectival clause.
If the adjectival clause is essential (or "needed"), no commas should be used to separate it from the main clause.  
Generally, essential adjectival clauses should not begin with which.
    Examples
       
       
    Since the adjectival clauses in the above examples are needed to clarify the noun that they describe, they are essential and should not be separated from the rest of the sentence with commas.

If the adjectival clause is nonessential (or "not needed"), commas should separate it from the main clause. 
 Nonessential adjectival clauses should not begin with that.
    Examples
       
       
    Since the adjectival clauses in the above examples are not needed to clarify the noun that they describe, they are nonessential and should be separated from the rest of the sentence with commas.
Note the difference between the sentences in each pair:
  
  

 

3.  Nominal Clauses

Like a noun, a nominal clause names a person, place, thing, or idea.  A nominal clause may function in a sentence as any of the following:
     subject                      subjective complement             appositive               object of preposition                  direct object             indirect object                             retained object


Nominal clauses may begin with interrogatives:
    who     whom   what    which     whoever      whomever     whatever     when    where     how   why
An  interrogative beginning a nominal clause has a function within the nominal clause.
Each of the  following examples illustrates
  •    a nominal clause
  •    the function of the nominal clause within the sentence
  •    the function of the interrogative within the nominal clause
   Nominal clause as subject in sentence 
       

   Nominal clause as subjective complement in sentence
       

   Nominal clause as object of preposition in sentence
       

   Nominal clause as direct object in sentence   
       

   Nominal clause as indirect object in sentence
       

   Nominal clause as retained object in sentence 
       

Nominal clauses may also begin with expletives:
         that        whether       if
An expletive beginning a nominal clause has no function within the nominal clause.
   Nominal clause beginning with expletive that
       

   Nominal clause beginning with expletive whether
       

   Nominal clause beginning with expletive if 
       

معاناة المغتربين اليمنين

  #اليمن مقبره المغتربين  تغترب عشر سنوات وتتلقا جميع معاناه الغربه وفي الاخير تقرر تروح بلادك عند اهلك ولاكن يكون مصيرك ان تستقبلك بلادك با...